WHAT IS MINIMAL INVASIVE VALVE SURGERY?
Minimally invasive valve surgery is a type of heart surgery used to repair or replace a damaged heart valve with less trauma to the body compared to traditional open-heart surgery. Instead of making a large incision through the breastbone (sternotomy), minimally invasive surgery involves smaller incisions, typically between the ribs, using specialized instruments and techniques.
BENEFITS OF MINIMAL INVASIVE VALVE REPLACEMENT SURGERY
Minimally invasive valve replacement surgery offers several benefits over traditional open-heart surgery. These advantages make it an appealing option for many patients needing heart valve repair or replacement. Here are the key benefits:
1. Smaller Incisions
Less Scarring: The smaller incisions, typically only a few inches long, result in minimal visible scarring compared to the large scar from traditional open-heart surgery.
Less Trauma to the Body: Since the surgery doesn't require cutting through the breastbone (sternum), there’s less trauma to muscles and bones.
2. Reduced Pain and Discomfort
Less Postoperative Pain: Patients generally experience less pain after surgery due to smaller incisions, reducing the need for pain medication.
Easier Breathing and Movement: There is usually less chest discomfort, making it easier for patients to breathe deeply and move more comfortably during recovery.
3. Faster Recovery
Shorter Hospital Stays: Many patients can leave the hospital within 3-5 days, compared to a week or longer for traditional surgery.
Quicker Return to Normal Activities: Recovery time is faster, allowing patients to resume their normal lives, including work and physical activity, more quickly.
4. Lower Risk of Infection
Fewer Wound Complications: Smaller incisions mean fewer risks of infection or wound complications, which can sometimes occur with larger incisions in traditional surgery.
Less Blood Loss: There is often reduced blood loss during minimally invasive procedures, lowering the risk of needing a blood transfusion.
5. Better Cosmetic Results
Less Noticeable Scars: The incisions are typically hidden between the ribs or in other discreet areas, leaving less visible or noticeable scars.
6. Lower Risk of Complications
Reduced Risk of Sternal Infection: By avoiding cutting through the sternum, there's a lower risk of complications related to the chest bone.
Decreased Risk of Blood Clots and Stroke: Depending on the procedure, the risk of complications such as blood clots or stroke may be reduced.
7. Improved Quality of Life
Earlier Mobility: Patients often feel stronger and can regain mobility faster, which contributes to a quicker return to daily life.
High Success Rates: Minimally invasive surgery has been shown to be just as effective as open-heart surgery in terms of valve function, with excellent long-term results.
8. Better for High-Risk Patients
Alternative for High-Risk Individuals: For patients who may not be good candidates for open-heart surgery due to age or other health conditions, minimally invasive procedures are often a safer alternative.
While these benefits are compelling, not all patients are candidates for minimally invasive valve surgery, and it is important to have a detailed evaluation by a heart surgeon to determine the best treatment option.
PROCEDURE(S) UNDER MINIMAL INVASIVE VALVE REPLACEMENT SURGERY
Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR)
Procedure: In this procedure, the surgeon replaces the aortic valve, which controls blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.
Approach: The surgery is typically done through a small incision in the upper chest, either on the right side (right thoracotomy) or in the upper part of the breastbone (upper partial sternotomy).
Types of Replacement Valves: The valve can be replaced with either a mechanical valve or a biological valve (tissue valve from animal tissue or human donor).
2. Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR)
Procedure: This involves replacing the mitral valve, which regulates blood flow between the heart's left atrium and left ventricle.
Approach: Surgeons make small incisions in the right side of the chest, between the ribs. The procedure is performed using specialized instruments and sometimes robotic assistance.
Types of Replacement Valves: Like AVR, the mitral valve can be replaced with a mechanical or biological valve.
3. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
Procedure: TAVR is a less invasive option for aortic valve replacement, often performed on patients who are too high-risk for traditional surgery.
Approach: Instead of opening the chest, a catheter is inserted through a small incision in the groin or chest. The new valve is delivered to the heart via the catheter and implanted over the old valve.
Use: TAVR is commonly used to treat severe aortic stenosis in elderly patients or those with other health risks.
4. Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)
Procedure: TMVR is a minimally invasive technique for mitral valve replacement, often for high-risk patients.
Approach: Like TAVR, a catheter is used to deliver the new mitral valve to the heart, usually inserted through the groin. The new valve is placed in the position of the failing mitral valve.
Use: TMVR is less common than TAVR but is increasingly used for patients with mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis who are at high surgical risk.
RECEOVER AFTER MINIMAL INVASIVE VALVE SURGERY
Recovery from minimal invasive heart surgery (MICS) is notably swift, with patients often experiencing shorter hospital stays and faster return to daily activities compared to traditional open-heart procedures. Post-surgery, patients receive meticulous monitoring, emphasizing pain management and early mobilization to mitigate potential complications. Discharge typically occurs within days to a week, followed by a gradual resumption of normal activities over several weeks to months. Adherence to postoperative instructions, including medication and follow-up appointments, is crucial for optimal recovery. Cardiac rehabilitation programs may be recommended to enhance cardiovascular health and facilitate long-term recovery, ensuring sustained well-being for the patient.
COST OF MINIMAL INVASIVE VALVE SURGERY
The cost of minimal invasive heart surgery (MICS) in India varies based on factors like the procedure type, hospital, and surgeon's expertise. On average, MICS procedures range from ₹2,00,000 to ₹6,00,000 or more. This estimate typically covers surgical expenses but excludes additional costs like pre-operative tests, hospital stay, medications, and follow-up care. Some hospitals offer comprehensive package deals, bundling all services for a fixed price. Patients should discuss pricing details directly with healthcare providers to understand the total expenses involved. Additionally, exploring health insurance coverage or financial aid options can help manage the cost of MICS in India.